Contact: b-spodek@uiuc.edu

Bernard Spodek is Professor Emeritus of Early Childhood Education at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he has taught since 1965. He received his doctorate in early childhood education from Teachers College, Columbia University, then joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He has also taught nursery, kindergarten and elementary classes in New York City. His research and scholarly interests are in the areas of curriculum, teaching and teacher education in early childhood education.

Dr. Spodek has lectured extensively in the United States, Australia, Canada, China, England, Greece, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Portugal, and Taiwan. From 1976 to 1978 he was President of the National Association for the Education of Young Children, and from 1981 through 1983 he chaired the Early Education and Child Development Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association. Currently, he is president of the Pacific Early Childhood Educational Research Association (PECERA). He is widely published in the field of early childhood education.


Publications
| Books | Editorships | Chapter in Books | Encychropedia Articles | Journal Articles |

Books

(2004) Contemporary Perspectives on Language Policy and Literacy Instruction in Early Childhood Education. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers. (with O. N. Saracho)

(2003). Contemporary Perspectives on Play in Early Childhood Education. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers. (with O. N. Saracho)

(2003). Studying Teachers in Early Childhood Settings. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers. (with O. N. Saracho)

(2002). Contemporary Perspectives on Literacy in Early Childhood Education. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers. (with O. N. Saracho)

(2002). Contemporary Perspectives on Curriculum in Early Childhood Education. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers. (with O. N. Saracho)

(1998) Multiple Perspectives on Play in Early Childhood Education. Albany, NY: SUNY Press (with O. N. Saracho)

(1998) Issues in Early Childhood Educational Research: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 8. New York: Teachers College Press (with O. N. Saracho & A. D. Pellegrini).

(1996) Issues in Evaluation in Early Childhood Education: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 7. New York: Teachers College Press. (with O. N. Saracho)

(1995) Meeting the Challenge of Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Early Childhood Education: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 6. New York: Teachers College Press (with E. E. Garcia, B. McLaughlin, & O. N. Saracho)

(1994) Early Childhood Special Education: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 5. New York: Teachers College Press (with P. L. Safford & O. N. Saracho)

(1994) Right From The Start: Teaching Children Ages Three to Eight. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. (Translated into Chinese & Korean)

(1994). Dealing with individual differences in the early childhood classroom. Longman (With O. N. Saracho).

(1993). Language and literacy in early childhood education: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 4. New York: Teachers College Press. (With O. N. Saracho)

(1993). Handbook of research on the education of young children. New York: Macmillan. (Translated into Portuguese)

(1992). Issues in Early Child Care. Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 3. New York: Teachers College Press. (With O. N. Saracho)

(1991). Issues in early childhood curriculum. Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol.2. New York: Teachers College Press. (With O. N. Saracho). Reissued, 1999. Troy, NY: Educators International Press)

(1991). Educationally appropriate kindergarten practices. Washington, DC: National Education Association.

(1991, 1987). Foundations of early childhood education. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall (with O. N. Saracho & M. D. Davis (Translated into Japanese).

(1990). Early childhood teacher education: Yearbook in early childhood education, Vol. 1. New York: Teachers College Press.

(1988). Professionalism and the early childhood practitioner. New York: Teachers College Press (edited with D. L. Peters & O. N. Saracho).

(1986). Today's kindergarten: Exploring the knowledge base, expanding the cur-riculum. New York: Teachers College Press (edited) (Translated into Japane-se and Portuguese).

(1985, 1978, 1972). Teaching in the early years. Engle-wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (2nd edition-1978; 1st edition-1972).

(1984). Mainstreaming young children. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth (with O. N. Saracho and R. C. Lee) (Trans-lated into Japanese).

(1983). Understanding the multicultural experience. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children (edited with O. N. Saracho).

(1982). International perspectives on early childhood education. New York: Plenum (edited with N. Nir-Janiv and D. Steg) (Translated into Hebrew).

(1982). Handbook of research in early childhood educa-tion. New York: Free Press (edited).

(1980). How should reading fit into the preschool curriculum? Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.

(1977). Teaching practices: Reexamining assumptions. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.

(1977). Early childhood education: Issues and perspectives. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan (edited with H. J. Walberg).

(1976). A Black Studies curriculum for early childhood education (2nd ed.). Urbana, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse in Early Childhood Education ( with P. Andrews, M. Lee, J. Morris, J. Riley & D. White) (1st edition-1971).

(1975). Studies in open education. New York: Agathon Press (edited with H. J. Walberg) (translated into Japanese).

(1974). Teacher education. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children (edi-ted).

(1973). Early childhood education. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

(1970). Open education. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children (with D. Elkind, J. Macdonald, R. Gans, & V. Rogers).

(1968). Early childhood education today. Washington, DC: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Develop-ment (with M. Metzow, E. Wheeler, & B. Wolfson).

(1968). Motivation. Washington, DC: Department of Elementary-Kindergarten-Nursery Education, National Education Association (with H. G. Morgan & H. J. Shane).

(1966). Preparing teachers of disadvantaged young children. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children (editor).

(1965). New directions in the kindergarten. New York: Teachers College Press (With H. Robison) (Translated into German and Japanese).

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Editorships

Consulting Editor, Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Teachers College Press.

Guest Editor, Studies in Educational Evaluation (Early Childhood Education Issue), 1982.

Series editor, Early Childhood Education, Prentice-Hall, 1971-1979.

Book Review Editor, Young Children, 1972-74.

Guest Editor, Early Child Development and Care (Culture and the Early Childhood Curriculum) (with O. N. Saracho), in press.

Co-editor, International Journal of Early Childhood Education, 1996 -present

Co-Editor, Special Issue, International Journal of Early Childhood Education, 2000

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Chapter in Books

(In press) Roots of Early Childhood Education in America. In Takeuchi, M., Scott, R. & Mori, S. eds.) New Directions of the Early Childhood Education In the 21st Century. Waterloo, IA: G & R Publishing.

(2004). Historical Perspectives in Language Policy and Literacy Reform. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds.) Contemporary Perspectives on Language Policy and Literacy Instruction in Early Childhood Education. (1-9). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2004). Perspectives on Language Policy and Literacy Instruction. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds.) Contemporary Perspectives on Language Policy and Literacy Instruction in Early Childhood Education. (289-298). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2004). Language Policy and Literacy Instruction: An introduction. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds.) Contemporary Perspectives on Language Policy and Literacy Instruction in Early Childhood Education. (ix-xv). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.(With O. N. Saracho).

(2003). Improving Teacher Quality. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds,) Studying Teachers in Early Childhood Settings (pp. 209-221). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2003). The Preparation of Teachers for the Profession in Early Childhood Education. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds,) Studying Teachers in Early Childhood Settings (pp. 1-28). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2003). Factors That Impact on Teacher Quality. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds,) Studying Teachers in Early Childhood Settings (pp. vii-xv). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.(With O. N. Saracho).

(2003). Early Childhood Educational Play. In O. N., & B. Spodek (Eds). Contemporary Perspectives on Play in Early Childhood (pp. 171-179). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2003). Understanding Play and Its Theories. In O. N., & B. Spodek (Eds). Contemporary Perspectives on Play in Early Childhood (pp. 1-19). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2003). Introduction: Historical Antecedents of Early Childhood Education Play. In O. N., & B. Spodek (Eds). Contemporary Perspectives on Play in Early Childhood. (pp. vii-xv).Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2002). Introduction: Contemporary theories of literacy. In O. N. Saracho, O. N. & B. Spodek (Eds). Contemporary Perspectives in Literacy in Early Childhood Curriculum, (pp. ix-xv). Greenwich, CT: Information Age (With O. N. Saracho).

(2002). Recommendations for research, theory, and practice for literacy programs in early childhood education .In O. N. Saracho, O. N. & B. Spodek (Eds). Contemporary Perspectives in Literacy in Early Childhood Curriculum (pp. 171-183). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho)

Influences on early childhood development. In O. N. Saracho, O. N. & B. Spodek (Eds). Contemporary Perspectives on Early Childhood Curriculum (pp. 1-13). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. With O. N. Saracho)

Developmental play theories and children"s social pretend play. In O. N. Saracho, O. N. & B. Spodek (Eds). Contemporary Perspectives on Early Childhood Curriculum (pp. 41-62). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. With O. N. Saracho)

Introduction: The backbone of the early childhood curriculum. In O. N. Saracho, O. N. & B. Spodek (Eds.). Contemporary Perspectives on Early Childhood Curriculum (pp. vii-xii). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.(With O. N. Saracho)

(2002). New directions in curriculum development. In O. N. Saracho, O. N. & B. Spodek (Eds). Contemporary Perspectives on Early Childhood Curriculum, (pp. 261-272). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. (With O. N. Saracho)

(2002). Early childhood education in the United States: Using Illinois as a case study. In L. K. S. Chan & E. J. Mellor (Eds.), International Developments in Early Childhood Services. New York: Peter Lang.

(1998) An historical overview of theories of play. In B. Spodek & O. N. Saracho (Eds.), Multiple Perspectives on Play in Early Childhood Education Albany, NY: SUNY Press (with O. N. Saracho)

(1998). Research in early childhood education: A look to the future. . In B. Spodek, O. N. Saracho, & A. D. Pellegrini (Eds.), Issues in Early Childhood Educational Research: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 8. New York: Teachers College Press (with O. N. Saracho & A. D. Pellegrini).

(1995). Preparing teachers for early childhood programs of cultural and linguistic diversity. In E. E. Garcia, B. McLaughlin, B. Spodek, & O. N. Saracho (Eds.), Meeting the Challenge of Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Early Childhood Education: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 6. (With O. N. Saracho).

(1995) The future challenge of linguistic and cultural diversity in the schools. In E. E. Garcia, B. McLaughlin, B. Spodek, & O. N. Saracho (Eds.), Meeting the Challenge of Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Early Childhood Education: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 6. (With O. N. Saracho)

(1994). Early childhood education and early childhood special education: A look to the future. In P. L. Safford, B. Spodek, & O. N. Saracho (Eds.), Early Childhood Special Education: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 5. (with O. N. Saracho).

(1994). The preparation of teachers of young children. In S. Reifel (Ed.), Advances in Early Education and Day Care, Vol. 6. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press (with O.N. Saracho).

(1993) A look to the future of early childhood language and Literacy. In B. Spodek & O.. N. Saracho (Eds.). Language and literacy in early childhood education: Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol. 3. New York: Teachers College Press. (With O. N. Saracho)

(1993). Curriculum perspectives in early childhood education: An historical perspective. In B. Spodek, Handbook of research on the education of young children. New York: Macmillan (With P. C. Brown) (translated into Portuguese).

(1992). Child Care: A look to the future. In B. Spodek & O. N. Saracho (Eds.), Issues in Early Child Care. Yearbook in Early Childho-od Education, Vol. 3. New York: Teachers College Press. (With O. N. Saracho)

(1992) Choosing appropriate early childhood programs. In H. N. Scheffler (Ed.), Resources for early childhood (rev. ed.). New York: Garland.

(1991) Early childhood curriculum and cultural definitions of know-ledge. In B. Spodek & O. N. Saracho (Eds.), Issues in early childhood curriculum. Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol.2. New York: Teachers College Press.

(1991) Early childhood curriculum: A look to the future. in Spodek & O. N. Saracho (Eds.), Issues in early childhood curriculum. Yearbook in Early Childhood Education, Vol.2. New York: Teachers College Press. (with O. N. Saracho). New York: Tea-chers College Press.

(1991) What should we teach kindergarten children? Educationally appropriate kindergarten practices. Washington, DC: National Education Association.

(1991) Linking theory and practice: Partnerships in teacher training. In. S. L. Kagan (Ed.), The care and education of America's young children. 90th Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Part I. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

(1990). Early Childhood Education in the United States: Consistencies and contradictions. In B. Chan (Ed.), Early Childhood in the 21st Century: An international perspective. Hong Kong: Educational Press (Translated into Hebrew; reprinted in Mabat, an educational journal in Israel).

(1990). Reflecting on individual differences: Cognitive style and early education. In O. N. Saracho (Ed.), Cognitive style and early education. New York: Gordon Breach.

(1990) Preparing Early Childhood Teachers. In B. Spodek & Olivia N. Saracho, (Eds.), Yearbook in early childhood education, Vol. 1: Early childhood teacher preparation. (with O. N. Saracho). New York: Teachers College Press.

(1990) Early Childhood Teacher Preparation in Cross-Cultural Perspective. In B. Spodek & Olivia N. Saracho, (Eds.), Yearbook in early childhood education, Vol. 1: Early childhood teacher preparation. (with O. N. Saracho). New York: Tea-chers College Press.

(1990) Preparing Early Childhood Teachers for the 21st Century: A look to the Future. In B. Spodek & Olivia N. Saracho, (Eds.), Yearbook in early childhood education, Vol. 1: Early childhood teacher preparation. (with O. N. Saracho). New York: Tea-chers College Press.

(1988). Implicit theories of early childhood teachers: Foundations for professional behavior. In B. Spodek, O. N. Saracho, and D. L. Peters (Eds.), Professionalism and the early childhood practitioner. New York: Tea-chers College Press.

(1988). Professionalism in early childhood educa-tion. In B. Spodek, O. N. Saracho and D. L. Peters (Eds.), Professionalism and the early childhood practitioners. New York: Teachers College Press (with O. N. Saracho).

(1988). Professionals, semi-professionals, and crafts-men. In B. Spodek, O. N. Saracho, and D. L. Peters (Eds.), Professionalism and the early Childhood Practitioner. New York: Teachers College Press.

(1988). Professionalizing the field: The tasks ahead. In B. Spodek, O. N. Saracho, and D. L. Peters (Eds.), Early Childhood Practitioners: Perspectives on professionalism. New York: Teachers College Press.

(1988) Early Childhood Education in the United States. In T. Ueno (Ed.), A Geneology of Pedagogy for early childhood education. Tokyo: Corero Publishing Co.

(1987). The challenge of educational play. In D. Bergen (ed.), Play as a medium for learning and development. Ports-mouth, NH: Heinemann (with O. N. Saracho).

(1986). Knowledge and the kindergarten curriculum. In B. Spodek (Ed.), Today's kindergarten: Exploring the knowledge base, expanding the curriculum. New York: Teachers College Press.

(1986). Using the knowledge base. In B. Spodek (Ed.), Today's kindergarten: Exploring the knowledge base, expanding the curriculum. New York: Teachers College Press.

(1986). Cognitive style and children's learning: Individual variation in cognitive processes. In L. G. Katz (Ed.), Current topics in early childhood education, Vol. 6. Norwood, NJ: Ablex (with O. N. Saracho).

(1983). Making program choices. In H. N. Scheffler (Ed.), Resources for early childhood. New York: Gar-land.

(1983). The preparation of teachers for bilingual- bicultural classes. In O. N. Saracho and B. Spodek (Eds.), Understanding the multicultural experience in early childhood education. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children (with O. N. Saracho).

(1983). Mainstreaming handicapped children in the preschool. In S. Kilmer (Ed.), Advances in early education and day care, vol. 3. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press (with O. N. Saracho & Richard C. Lee).

(1982). The kindergarten: A retrospective and contempo-rary view. In L. G. Katz (Ed.), Current topics in early childhood education, Vol. 4. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

(1982). Early childhood education: A synoptic view. In N. Nir-Janiv, B. Spodek, and D, Steg (Eds.). International perspectives in early childhood education. New York: Plenum.

(1982). The preparation and credentialing of early childhood personnel. In B. Spodek (Ed.), Handbook of research in early childhood education. New York : Free Press ( with O. N. Saracho).

(1981). Developing materials and activities in early childhood education. In. B. S. Heatherington (Ed.), Breaking barriers: Overcoming career stereotypes in early childhood. College Park, MD: University of Maryland.

(1979). Early childhood education in the United States. In H. J. Walberg (Ed.), Education in the United States: Research and insights. Washington, DC: U. S. Information Agency.

(1978). Education and children's ways of knowing. In S. K. Richardson (Ed.), Children's services in public libraries. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois.

(1977). What constitutes worthwhile educational activi-ties for young children. In. B. Spodek (Ed.), Teaching practices: Reexamining assumptions. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Child-ren.

(1977). Curriculum construction in early childhood education. In B. Spodek and H. J. Walberg (Eds.), Early Childhood Education: Issues and insights. Berkeley CA: McCutchan.

(1977). Introduction. In B. Spodek and H. J. Walberg Eds.), Early childhood education: Issues and insights. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan.

(1975). Open education: Romance or liberation? In B. Spodek and H. J. Walberg (Eds.), Studies in open education. New York: Agathon Press.

(1974). Prologue. In B. Spodek (Ed.), Teacher education. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.

(1974). Epilogue. In B. Spodek, (Ed.), Teacher education. Washington DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.

(1974). The problem of play: Educational or recreational. In D. Sponseller (Ed.), Play as a learning medium. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children.

(1973). The Open Education Program, University of Illinois. In Current research and perspectives in open education. Washington, DC: E/K/N/E.

(1973). Summary. In Current research and perspectives in open education. Washington DC: E/K/N/E.

(1972). Staff requirements in early childhood education. In I. J. Gordon, (Ed.), Early childhood education, 71st Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. Chicago: National Society for the Study of Education.

(1970). Extending open education in the United States. In B. Spodek (Ed.), Open education. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Child-ren (with D. Elkind J. Macdonald, R. Gans, & V. Rogers).

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Encyclopedia Articles

(1992). Perspectives on educators: Introduction. Encyclopedia of Early Childhood Education (with S. Feeney, D. Fromberg, & L. R. Williams).

(1992). History of early childhood curriculum trends in the United States. Encyclopedia of Early Childhood Education.

(1992). Pioneers in child care and early childhood education (after A.D. 1750). Encyclopedia of Early Childhood Education.

Preschool education. Encyclopedia of School Administration and Supervision.

Kindergarten. International Encyclopedia of Education.

Kindergarten. World Book Encyclopedia.

Nursery schools. World Book Encyclopedia.

Preschool education. Academic American Encyclopedia.

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Journal Articles

(In Press) Adopting and Adapting Early Childhood Education Programs. Revista Portuguesa de Pedagogia. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2004) Teachers' Preparation and the Quality of Early Childhood Programs. International Journal of early Childhood Education, 10, (1), 7-28(With O. N. Saracho).

(2003) Recent trends and innovations in the early childhood curriculum. Early Child Development and Care, 143, 175-184. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2003). On the Shoulders of Giants: Exploring the Traditions of Early Childhood Education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31(1), 3-10. (With O. N. Saracho).

(2000). Early Childhood Education at the Brink of the New Millennium. Early Childhood Education, 33(2), 4-10.

(1999). The relationship between theories of child development and the early childhood curriculum. Early Child Development and Care, 152, 1-15 (with O. N. Saracho).

(1998). A play foundation for family literacy. International Journal of Educational Research. 29(1), 48-50 (with O. N. Saracho).

(1996). Children's play and early childhood education: Insights from history and theory. Journal of Education, 127(3), 129-144 (with O. N. Saracho).

(1996) Culture and the Early Childhood Curriculum. Early Child Development and Care, 123, 1-13 (with O. N. Saracho).

(1996). Educationally Appropriate Art Experiences for Young Children. Child Care Information Exchange, Issue 108, 40-43.

(1996) . The Professional Development of Early Childhood Teachers. Early Child Development and Care, 115, 115-124.

(1996). Selecting Professional Development Activities., Early Child Development and Care, 117, 113-121.

(1995). Children's play and early childhood education: Insights from history and theory. Journal of Education, 177, 129-148 (with O. N. Saracho).

(1993). Selecting Art Activities in Early Childhood Education. Arts Education Policy Review, 94(6), 11-17.

(1992). Early childhood teacher certification and credentialing in the United States. Early Child Development and Care, 78, 43-56 (with L. N. Saracho).

(1992). Early childhood teacher preparation on Taiwan. Early Child Development and Care, 78, 95-110 (with Y. Lin).

(1991). Reconceptualizing early childhood education: A commentary. Early Education and Development, 2, 161-167.

(1990). The Importance of Jewish curriculum areas to teachers in Jewish nursery schools and kindergartens. Early Child Development and Care, 61, 1-10.

(1990). Early childhood curriculum construction and classroom practice. Early Child Development and Care, 61, 1-9.

(1990). The Role of the Teacher. Foreign Education Reference Material, No. 2, 31-11 (in Chinese).

(1990). Issues Related to the Preparation of Teachers in Early Childhood Education. College Student Journal, 24, 330-337. (With O. N. Saracho).

(1990). Identifying sectarian content for Jewish early childhood educational programs. International Journal of Early Childhood Education, 22(2), 23-38.

(1990). Jiao shi ru he yin dao jiao yu you xi (How teachers guide educational play). Wai Guo Zhong Xiao Xue Jiao Yu (Foreign Middle and Elementary School Education, Journal of the Comparative Education Society, Shanghai Normal University, 3(6), 11-12.

(1990). An educology of reform in early childhood teacher education: A comparison of the PRC and the USSR with the USA. International Journal of Educology, 4(2), 158-171 (with J. Hoot).

(1989). Reflecting on individual differences: Cognitive style and early education. Early Child Develop-ment and Care, 40,

(1989). The style and skills of teachers in evaluating young children. Foreign Education: Reference Information (Journal of the Education Department of Fujien (China) Normal University. Issue 3, 39-41.

(1989). Recent developments in the preparation of early childhood teachers in the People's Republic of China. Childhood Education, 65, 268-273.

(1989). Chinese kindergarten education and its reform. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 4, 31-50.

(1988). Conceptualizing today's kindergarten curriculum. Elementary School Journal, 89(2), 203-211. (reprinted in Early Childhood Education, 1991-92).

(1988). The implicit theories of early childhood teachers. Early Child Development and Care, 38, 13-32.

(1988). Reform of Chinese kindergartens: The prepara-tion of kindergarten teachers. Early Child Development and Care, 38, 103-117.

(1988). Play for young handicapped children in an integrated setting, Part 2: Working with hearing impaired, visually impaired and orthopedically handi-capped children. Day Care and Early Education, 15(3), Spring.

(1987). Play for young handicapped children in an integrated setting, Pat 1: Working with mentally retarded and emotionally disturbed children. Day Care and Early Education, 15(2), Winter, 32-35.

(1987). Reforming the Kindergarten Curriculum. East China Normal University Education Journal, issue 4, 17-22. (Published in Chinese)

(1987). Hevra: In-service education through reflective supervision in Israel. Education. (with N. Nir-Yaniv & O. N. Saracho).

(1987). Thought processes underlying preschool teach-ers' classroom decisions. Early Child Care and Education, 28, 197-208.

(1986). Australian programs that prepare early child-hood teachers: An American's perspec-tive. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 11(2), 3-8.

(1985). Reflections in early childhood education. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 6(3), 54-64.

(1985). The past as prologue: Exploring the historical roots of early childhood education. Young Children, 40, 3-7. (Reprinted in G. Baugh, (Ed.), Early childhood Education in the schools. Washington, DC: National Education Association)

(1983). Early childhood teacher education and certifi-ca-tion. Journal of Teacher Education, 34(5), 50-52 (with M. D. Davis & O. N. Saracho).

(1983). Judging the worth of educational practice. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 8(1), 3-5.

(1983). Early childhood education and evaluation: An overview. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 8, 203-207.

(1982). A study of programs to prepare early childhood personnel. Journal of Teacher Education, 33(2), 42-44 (With M. D. Davis).

(1982). What special educators need to know about regular early childhood classes. Educational Forum, 46, 295-307.

(1981). Teachers' Cognitive Styles, Educational Forum, 45, 153-159 (with O. N. Saracho).

(1979). Kindergartens in Israel. Childhood Education, 56(2), 100-105 (with N. Nir-Janiv).

(1979). What do we want our children to be? Forum, Spring/Summer, 22-23.

(1977). Limud mukdemet l'shem mah? Had Hagan (Israel), 41(2), 246-248. (Published in Hebrew)

(1975). Early childhood education and teacher educa-tion: A search for consistency. Young Children, 30(3), 68-74.

(1974). Judging the maturity of early childhood educa-tion. Contemporary Education, 40, 249-253.

(1974). The pressure to conform. National Elementary Principal, 53, 16-19.

(1974). Preparing music teachers for open education. Music Educators Journal, 60, 73-77.

(1974). Social studies for young children: Identifying intellectual goals. Social Education, 38, 40-45.

(1973). Needed: A new view of kindergarten education. Childhood Education, 49, 191-195.

(1971). Alternatives to traditional education. Peabody Journal of Education, 48, 140-148.

(1970). What are the sources of early childhood cur-ricu-lum? Young Children, 26, 48-58.

(1969). Early learning for what? Phi Delta Kappan, 50, 394-396.

(1969). So It doesn't whistle. Illinois Schools Journal, 49(1), 42-48.

(1969). Constructing a model for a teacher education program in early childhood education. Contemporary Education, 40, 145-149.

(1968). Pressures on young children. Theory Into Practice, 7, 14-16.

(1968). How and what to teach the very young. NEA Journal, 57, 43-46.

(1967). Guidelines for kindergarten social studies programs. University of Kansas Bulletin of Education, 21, 45-55.

(1967). Research and curriculum development: Some issues. Educational Leadership, 23, 417-426

(1966). Language experiences for disadvantaged children in the kindergarten. Elemen-tary English, 43, 77-80.

(1965). Is massive intervention the answer? Educational Leadership, 23, 108-112.

(1965). Social studies programs in the kindergarten. Young Children, 20, 284-289.

(1965). Poverty, education, and the young child. Educational Leadership, 22, 593-603 (Reprinted in Young Children, 21, 2-8).

(1965). Are kindergartens obsolete? Elementary School Journal, 65, 300-305 (With H. F. Robison).

(1965). Montessori education visited. Elementary English, 42(1), 75-78.

(1964). Early reading instruction. Elementary English, 41(1), 84-87.

(1963). Developing social studies concepts in the kindergarten. Social Education, 27, 253-257.

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Contact Professor Spodek at b-spodek@uiuc.edu