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Simmel, Georg. (1982). On a relationship between the theory of selection and epistemology. In Henry C. Plotkin (Ed.), Learning, development, and culture: Essays in evolutionary epistemology (pp. 63-71). Chichester & New York: Wiley. (Originally published 1895)

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Simonton, D. K. (1984). Genius, creativity, and leadership: Historiometric inquiries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Simpson, George G. (1963). Biology and the nature of science. Science, 139, 84-85.

Skagestad, Peter. (1978). Taking evolution seriously: Critical comments on D. T. Campbell's evolutionary epistemology. Monist, 61(4), 611-621.

Skagestad, Peter. (1981a). Hypothetical realism. In M. B. Brewer & B. E. Collins (Eds.), Scientific inquiry and the social sciences (pp. 77-97). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Skagestad, Peter. (1981b). The road of inquiry: Charles Peirce's pragmatic realism. New York: Columbia University Press.

Skagestad, Peter. (1986). Peirce's conception of truth: A framework for naturalistic epistemology. In A. Shimony, D. Nails, & R. S. Cohen (Eds.), Naturalistic epistemology: A symposium of two decades. Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel.

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior New York: Free Press. [Quote]

Skinner, B. F. (1966). Phylogeny and ontogeny of behavior. Science, 153, 1205-1213.

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Skinner, B. F. (1975). The shaping of phylogenic behavior. Acta Neurobiologia Experimentalis, 35, 409-415.

Skinner, B. F. (1981). Selection by consequences. Science, 213, 501-504. Reprinted in Charles A. Catania & Stephen Harnad (Eds.), The selection of behavior. The operant behaviorism of B. F. Skinner: Comments and consequences (pp. 11-20). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (followed by 24 commentaries and responses to each by Skinner). [Quote]

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Smith, C. U. M. (1983). Herbert Spencer's epigenetic epistemology. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 14(1), 1-22.

Smith, C. U. M.(1988). Send reinforcements we're going to advance [A commentary on Hull]. Biology and Philosophy, 3, 214-217.

Smith, C. U. M. (1989). Evolution, epistemology and visual science. In K. Hahlweg & C. A. Hooker (Eds.), Issues in evolutionary epistemology (pp. 527-544). Albany: State University of New York Press.

Smith, C. U. M.(1991). Kant and Darwin. Journal of Biological and Social Structures, 14(1), 35-50.

Smith, R. A. (1979). Analogical incorporation: Themes and variations in evolutionary epistemology. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40, DDJ80-09934.

Smith, T. L. (1983). Skinner's environmentalism. The analogy with natural selection. Behaviorism, 11, 133-153.

Sober, Elliott R. (1978). Psychologism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 8(2), 165-191.

Sober, Elliott R. (1981a). The evolution of rationality. Synthese, 46, 95-120.

Sober, Elliott R. (1981b). Revisability, a priori truth, and evolution. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 59, 68-85

Sober, Elliott R. (1989). Systematics and circularity. In Michael Ruse (Ed.), What the philosophy of biology is: Essays dedicated to David Hull (pp. 263-273). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Sober, Elliott R. (1992). The evolution of altruism: Correlation, cost, and benefit. Biology & Philosophy, 7(2), 177-188.

Soberon, E. (1980). Gezichtspunten voor een biologistische epistemologie: Campbell, D. T. en Piaget, J. Unpublished licentiate thesis. University of Ghent.

Solomon, Paul R. (1988). Bridges from behaviorism to biopsychology [Commentary on Skinner, 1981]. In A. C. Catania & S. Harnad (Eds.), The selection of behavior. The operant behaviorism of B. F. Skinner: Comments and consequences (pp. 65-67). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Soltis, Joseph., Boyd, Robert., & Richerson, Peter J. (1992). Can group-functional behaviors evolve by cultural group selection? An empirical test. University of Bielefeld (Germany): Center for Interdisciplinary Research.

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Spaemann, R., Koslowski, P., & Löw, R. (Eds.). (1984). Evolutionstheorie und menschliches Selbstverständnis (CIVITAS Resultate Bd. 6) Weinheim: Acta humaniora.

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Stanzione, M. (1984). Epistemologia evoluzionistica: Confronti e critiche. In B. Continenza et al. (Eds.), Evoluzione e modelli: Il concetto di adattamento nelle teorie dei sistemi biologici, culturali e artificiali (pp. 192-300). Rome: Editori Riuniti.

Steadman, Philip. (1979). The evolution of designs: Biological analogy in architecture and the applied arts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Stearns, Stephen C. (1988). Selection misconstrued [Commentary on Skinner, 1981]. In A. C. Catania & S. Harnad (Eds.), The selection of behavior. The operant behaviorism of B. F. Skinner: Comments and consequences (pp. 67-69). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Stebbins, G. L. , & Ayala, F. J. (1985, July). The evolution of Darwinism. Scientific American, 253(1), 54-64.

Steele, E. J. (1979). Somatic selection and adaptive evolution: On the heritance of acquired characters. Toronto: Williams & Wallace.

Steen, Wim J. van der, & Sloep, Peter. B. (1988). Mere generality is not enough [A commentary on Hull]. Biology and Philosophy, 3, 217-219.

>Stegmüller, W. (1981). Evolutionäre erkenntnistheorie, Realismus und wissenschaftstheorie. In R. Spaemann & R. Löw (Eds.), Die Frage wozu? Geschichte und Wiederentdeckung des teleologischen Denkens. Munich: Piper.

Stegmüller, W. (1984). Evolutionäre Erkenntnistheorie, Realismus und Wissenschaftstheorie. In R. Spaemann, P. Koslowski, & R. Löw (Eds.), Evolutionstheorie und menschliches Selbstverständnis (pp. 5-34). Weinheim: Verlag Chemie.

Stegmüller, W. (1985). Thesen zur 'evolutionären Erkenntnistheorie'. Information Philosophie, 13(3), 26-32.

Stein, Edward. (1990). Getting closer to the truth: Realism and the metaphysical and epistemological ramifications of evolutionary epistemology. In N. Rescher (Ed.), Evolution, cognition, and realism: Studies in evolutionary epistemology (pp. 119-129). Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Stein, Edward., & Lipton, Peter. (1989). Where guesses come from: Evolutionary epistemology and the anomaly of guided variation. Biology & Philosophy, 4(1), 33-56. [Quote]

Stemmer, Nathan. (1971). Three problems in induction. Synthese, 23(2/3), 287-308.

Stemmer, Nathan (1975a). The Goodman paradox. Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie, 6, 340-354.

Stemmer, Nathan (1975b). A relative notion of natural generalization. Philosophy of Science, 42, 46-48.

Stemmer, Nathan (1977). A solution to the Hempel paradox. Teorema, 7, 119-128.

Stemmer, Nathan (1978a). A partial solution to the Goodman paradox. Philosophical Studies, 34, 177-185.

Stemmer, Nathan (1978b). The reliability of inductive inferences and our innate capacities. Zeitschrift für allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie, 9(1), 93-105.

Stemmer, Nathan (1979). Projectible predicates. Synthese, 41, 375-395.

Stemmer, Nathan (1981a). Generalization classes as alternatives for similarities and some other concepts. Erkenntnis, 16, 73-102.

Stemmer, Nathan (1981b). The objective confirmation of hypotheses. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 11, 395-404.

Stemmer, Nathan (1982). A solution to the lottery paradox. Synthese, 51, 339-353.

Stemmer, Nathan (1983a). The philosophy and psychology of knowledge. Oxford: Blackwell.

Stemmer, Nathan (1983b). The roots of knowledge. Oxford: Blackwell.

Stent, Gunther. (1972). Prematurity and uniqueness in scientific discovery. Scientific American, 227, 84-93.

Stent, Gunther. (1975). Limits to the scientific understanding of man. Science, 187, 1052-1057.

Stent, Gunther. (1977). Explicit and implicit semantic content of the genetic information: I. Genetic information. In R. Butts & J. Hintikka (Eds.), Foundational problems in the special sciences (pp. 131-149). Dordrecht: Reidel.

Stent, Gunther. (1980). Thinking about seeing. A new approach to visual perception. The Sciences, 20, 6-11.

Stent, Gunther. (1981a). Cerebral hermeneutics. Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 4, 107-124.

Stent, Gunther. (1981b). Programmatic phenomena, hermeneutics and complex networks. In C. M. Steinberg & I. Lefkovits (Eds.), The immune system: Festschrift in honor of Niels Kaj Jerne on the occasion of his 70th birthday (Vol 1; pp. 6-13). Basel: Karger.

Stent, Gunther. (1986). Introduction and overview. In M. Delbrück, Mind from matter? An essay on evolutionary epistemology (pp. 1-18). Palo Alto, CA: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

>Stent, Gunther. (in press). Uniqueness in creation in art and science. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews.

Sterelny, Kim. (1994). Science and selection. Biology and Philosophy, 9, 45-62.

Stich, Stephen P. (1981). Dennett on intentional systems. Philosophical Topics, 12, 52-55.

Stich, Stephen P. (1985). Could man be an irrational animal? Some notes on the epistemology of rationality. Synthese, 64, 115-135. Reprinted in H. Kornblith (Ed.), Naturalizing epistemology (pp. 249-267). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Stich, Stephen P. (1990). The fragmentation of reason. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Book. [See esp. Chap. 3, "Evolution and rationality."]

Still, A. (1986). The biology of science: An essay on the evolution of representational cognitivism. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 16(3), 251-267.

Stokes, Geoff. (1988). Mechanism and method in the evolution of science: A response to Hull. Biology and Philosophy, 3, 219-223.

Stokes, Geoff. (1989). From physics to biology: Rationality in Popper's conception of evolutionary epistemology. In K. Hahlweg & C. A. Hooker (Eds.), Issues in evolutionary epistemology (pp. 488-509). Albany: State University of New York Press.

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Stroud, Barry. (1984). The significance of philosophical skepticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Stroud, Barry. (1985). The significance of naturalized philosophy. In H. Kornblith (Ed.), Naturalizing epistemology (pp. 71-90). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

 

Tennant, Neil. (1973a). Knowledge versus survival. Inquiry, 16, 407-414.

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Tennant, Neil. (1973b). Rejoinder to Naess. Inquiry, 16, 417-418.

Tennant, Neil. (1983a). Evolutionary epistemology. In P. Weingartner & J. Czermack (Eds.), Epistemology and philosophy of science: Erkenntnis und Wissenschaftstheorie (Sec. 1.5: Evolutionary Epistemology). Vienna: Holder-Pichler-Tempsky.

Tennant, Neil. (1983b). In defense of evolutionary epistemology. Theoria, 49, 32-48.

Tennant, Neil. (1988a). Theories, concepts and rationality in an evolutionary account of science [A commentary on Hull]. Biology and Philosophy, 3, 224-231.

Tennant, Neil. (1988b). Two problems for evolutionary epistemology: Psychic reality and the emergence of norms. Ratio, 1, 47-63.

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Thagard, Paul. (1980). Against evolutionary epistemology. PSA, 1, 187-196.

Thagard, Paul. (1988). Computational philosophy of science. Cambridge, MA: Bradford/MIT Press. [See chap. 6, "Against Evolutionary Epistemology."] [Quotes]

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Thom, René. (1986). The epistemology of evolutionary theories. In W. Callebaut & R. Pinxten (Eds.), Evolutionary epistemology: A multiparadigm program (pp. 97-104). Dordrecht: Reidel.

Thompson, M. (1981). Epistemic priority, analytic truth, and naturalised epistemology. American Philosophical Quarterly, 18, 1-12.

Thompson, Paul. (1988). Conceptual and logical aspects of the 'new' evolutionary epistemology. In M. Matthen & B. Linsky (Eds.), Philosophy & Biology (Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume) (pp. 235-254). Calgary, Canada: The University of Calgary Press.

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Thompson, Paul. (1989b). The structure of biological theories. Albany: State University of New York Press. [A semantic conception of evolutionary theory.]

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Tibbetts, P. E. (1980). The weighted coherence theory of rationality: A critique and an alternative. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 10, 259-272.

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Vollmer, Gerhard. (1983a). Mesokosmos und objektive Erkenntnis. über Probleme, die von der Evolutionären erkenntnistheorie gelöst werden. In Konrad Lorenz & F. M. Wuketits (Eds.), Die Evolution des Denkens (pp. 29-91). Munich: Piper.

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Vollmer, Gerhard. (1985d). Zwischen den Fronten Vollmer, Gerhard. Warum sich die evolutionäre Erkenntnistheorie gegen ihre Anhänger und gegen ihre Kritiker wehren muss. Conceptus, 19, 63-69.

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